History and Relocation of Native Americans Essay - 2319 Words

1. Trace the history of relocation and Indian reservations. In what ways did reservations destroy Native American cultures, and in what ways did reservations foster tribal identities? Be sure to account for patterns of change and consistency over time. When one hears the word â€Å"relocation†, I assume, they think of taking one thing exactly as it was and placing it in a different location, but placing it as it was and with the same resources. Relocation is a loaded term because before the word relocation came about settlers of early America were forcefully pushing native peoples off their homelands; they just didn’t have the term â€Å"relocation†. In 1838 Mireau B. Lamar, president of the Republic of Texas, â€Å"initiated a policy of ethnic†¦show more content†¦The whole point of the meeting was to come to an agreement over disputes of land claims between colonies and Indian nations including the Iroquois. Though, through trickery, the Iroquois had ceded to the colonies land â€Å"from sea to sea†.2(p. 187) This meant land from the Ohio Valley all the way to the Pacific Ocean. Needless to say the Indians involved were disappointed and angered. The Royal Proclamation was the next advancement in the idea of â€Å"relocation.† The Royal Proclamation, made by the British, was an intangible line drawn to separate Indian lands from colonial lands. This was made to please the Indians, but also served as a way to contain and control its own peoples within the colonies. I point this out as a step towards relocation because, one of the first steps is: knowing where something can be moved from and then moved to. When a solid border is made of land that is known, by all parties involved, of whose is whose, then half of the process is accomplished. I mean by this: if the party, not yet aware of possibly being moved again, they will not try to occupy what the other party has defined as their lands because there is the belief t hat the same will be reciprocated from the latter party. Therefore, not as much attention is needed by the British to defend the land that is understood to be in possession of the British, and moreShow MoreRelatedThe Colonization Of Native Americans1377 Words   |  6 Pages1492 that the â€Å"first people† make their way as well. The Europeans walked in and saw the Natives as the wildlife of the region and considered themselves the founders, and the Native Americans were heavily influenced and conflicted with the tidal wave of European colonization. Following the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492, colonization of Native American territory began. Afterwards, life for Native Americans became rather harsh, and genocide is an accurate term to describe this event. Their populationRead MoreThe Conflict Between Indians And Indians1515 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout this course, many of the readings focused heavily on land and its connection to every issue and theme associa ted with American Indians. The land has been a site of much conflict between Indians and colonists. From reservations to relocation and everything in between, the treatment of Native people in the United States is intertwined with the varied ways in which both Indians and settlers understood and used land. Moreover, many of the injustices inflicted on Indians stemmed from the federalRead MoreWestward Expansion and Indian Removal1480 Words   |  6 Pagespreventing American expansion and growth? Although the aboriginal people of America had claimed their land before the settlement of white colonists, the Native Americans proved an impediment towards the ultimate growth in America’s economic and commercial power. However harsh the treatment of Native Americans in the past was, the relocation and removal of the Natives was a necessary action, allowing the United States with the global status it possesses today. The relocation movements of Native AmericansRead MoreNative America n Graves Protection And Repatriation Act Essay1631 Words   |  7 PagesKansas, one would gather the sense that the state has a history that began with the settlement of European-Americans during the 19th Century as there is little roadside advertising stating the contrary. Kansas, for centuries, was a land where many Native American tribes that lived, fought, and died. Subsequently, the city of Wichita is a good example of this. It is known as a large city of Kansas and not known as the name of a Native American tribe. The fact of the matter is that the Wichita tribeRead MoreFederal Indian Policy : The Indian Removal Act Of 18301584 Words   |  7 PagesFederal Indian Policy Native American’s have always been the aspect that shapes our culture and history today. The rise of the new world started with the discovery of the land of which the Native Americans resided. They are referred to as the indigenous people because they were the people who lived and survived off this land first. The Native Americans have a unique culture that consisted of a bond with nature. They had similar gender roles just like the white population. The men were hunters, warriorsRead MoreThe Trail Of Tears By James Collins1452 Words   |  6 PagesJames Collins Donald West History 201 December 1, 2015 TRAIL OF TEARS The trail of tears is also referred to as the period of Indian s removal. It was a period where Native Americans in the U.S were forcefully relocated following the removal of Indian Removal Act of 1830. Those who were forcibly moved were from Cherokee, Muscogee, Seminole, and Chickasaw and Choctaw nations in the southern U.S, an area initially referred to as the Indian Territory. Migration from Cherokee nation had begun in theRead MoreThe Sorrow of the Trail of Tears Essay1527 Words   |  7 Pagesand a great stain upon the conscience of the United States history, that this idea was imagined and supported, and then acted upon. Forcibly removing the Indians, seizing their lands to further the goal of white settler expansion, and to exert control and usage over their lands and natural resources, was exceedingly wrong. The Trail of Tears was a calamitous, sad, and truly revolting time during our countries early 19th century history. It was an eight hundred mile death march, enforced and escortedRead MoreThe Impacts Of A Cherokee Story : Trail Of Tears920 Words   |  4 Pagesthe forceful relocation of give main Native American tribes from their eastern lands, to newly established territories located west of the Mississippi River (Dwyer, 2014, p. 33). After researching the Trail of Tears’ impact to the five major Native American tribes, it is easy to see themes such as assimilation, racism, poverty, ethnocentrism, bias, cultural relativity and prejudice within this event. Early in America’s history, interactions between white settlers and Native Americans shaped the futureRead MoreThe Nature Of Spirituality : The Iroquois Nation Of The Eastern Woodlands1684 Words   |  7 Pagesnature of spirituality may be difficult for someone outside of their culture to understand. Many Native Americans are visionary, dreamers, and mystic in animated worlds of spirits. Indians have encouraged the seeking of visions and dreams through various practices and beliefs. The Iroquois Nation of the eastern woodlands was one of the most highly organized civilizations that developed among Native American tribes in North America. Their religion was based off on an all power known as â€Å"The Great Spirit†Read MoreThe Standing Rock Sioux Tribe Essay1359 Words   |  6 Pagesexplicated prevented such action by the US Government. The dam and its construction, which primarily benefitted Pittsburg, inspired a heated discourse concerning the ethics of native rel ocation. One such ethical concern, at the time, was that of proper and just compensation for the Seneca Nation. For many Native American peoples, the loss of land can be a significant cultural and psychological detriment. Following the Kinzua Dam Controversy, the United States government should have more appropriately

Analysis Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens - 951 Words

In the present age, the more successful children usually come from well-structured families that are able to provide their children with a lots of care and a happy and loving childhood. Children growing up in this environment will describe their youth as a time of wonder and laughter; they will enjoy the experiences as a child. However, in the Victorian age, this is a completely different story as most children had to go through many hardships and sufferings, in order to satisfy the needs of their family. Great Expectations is set in the Victorian age and Charles Dickens portrays the years of childhood as at time of confusion, darkness and terror. Nevertheless, this unfavorable childhood helps Pip mature as a person in many different ways.†¦show more content†¦At his age, this choice does not trouble him much and when he is presented with a chance to raise his social status, he immediately accepts it, possibly because he is beginning to be blinded by his love toward Estella. Though he regrets his decision later on, he continually reassures himself by thinking about how he could marry Estella. This strong link that Pip presents between him and Estella makes her a strong driving during his unfamiliar life in being a gentleman. Finally, Pip is largely responsible for his own growth as a young child and later on, as a gentleman. Having survived through many beatings from his sister, and being the lowly apprentice of a blacksmith, Pip expresses an awareness of the different characteristics and qualities of the people around him early on in the novel, as seen when he becomes conscious of a change in Biddy[...]She was not beautiful—she was common, and could not be like Estella—but she was pleasant and wholesome and sweet-tempered. (Dickens 121) Here, Pip begins to understand the values that matter more than social class and wealth, but his growth is hindered by his desire to be with Estella. Nevertheless, Pip begins to part from his prior innocent self, and starts thinking in ways that makes his strong sense of self-improvement evident. Another example of Pips awareness, is when he complains that, Home had never been a very pleasant place toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Charles Dickens Great Expec tations3684 Words   |  15 PagesOlivia Smith Mr. Oravec AP Literature and Composition 27 January 2014 Analysis Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations â€Å"And as to the condition on which you hold your advancement in life—namely, that you are not to inquire or discuss to whom you owe it—you may be very sure that it will never be encroached upon, or even approached by me, or by any one belonging to me.† (Dickens, 177). This excerpt foretells the main theme of the novel, Pip’s journey of self-improvement. The main theme of the novelRead MoreEssay Analysis of Great Expectations by Charles Dickens5944 Words   |  24 PagesAnalysis of Great Expectations by Charles Dickens Charles Dickens, the revolutionary 19th century novelist, wrote a bildungsroman of Phillip Pirrip (Pip) and the reality of his own â€Å"Great Expectations† in his pursuit to become a gentleman. In Chapter 8, the reader is introduced to Miss Havisham and Estella and this is where Pip first becomes dissatisfied with the life at the forge. There were many writers in Dickens’ day whose works are no longer read; this is possibly because DickensRead MoreAnalysis of the Use of Setting in Great Expectations by Charles Dickens1382 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of the Use of Setting in Great Expectations by Charles Dickens The novel, Great Expectations, starts on the dull lonely marshes of Pip’s home village. Pip has a lack of identity in this book because it says, ‘My Father’s family name being Pirrip, and my Christian name Phillip, my infant tongue could make of both the names nothing longer or more explicit than Pip. So, I called myself Pip, and came to be called Pip. This shows us that his lack of identity is downRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations: End Analysis1039 Words   |  4 Pagesway the narrative ends. In the case of Great Expectations, Charles Dickens ultimately selected the ending in which Pip and Estella are reunited, leaving open the precise way their newfound emotional intimacy will develop. This is the most logical, as well as most satisfying, ending for the story because it meets all of the aforementioned criteria: including textual and thematic consistency. Pip and Estella need to deepen their emotional bond so that Dickens can send a message about the importanceRead MoreCharacter Analysis in Pip in Charles Dickens ´ Great Expectations1542 Words   |  7 Pages Everyone in life struggles to live up to what others and society expects them to be in life, the next Harvard Graduate, or the next new celebrity. But, these expectations can begin to define a person if he believes he has to conform to societys ex pectations. In Charles Dickens novel Great Expectations, young Pip feels the pressure from society and his love, Estella, to become a gentleman. By attempting to rise in his social class Pip then abandons his previous good morals and his family membersRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations964 Words   |  4 PagesOliveros British Literature H February 24, 2016 TITLE Throughout Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations, minor characters help in the development of Pip and his psychological state. The novel journeys with Pip as he grows from a poor, young boy to an adult in the upper class. Difficult situations, suspense, and dynamic characters fill the novel. Julian Moynahan, a professor emeritus of literature at Rutgers University, analyzed Dickens’ novel and produced excellent parallels between a select few of theRead MoreGreat Expectations1707 Words   |  7 PagesGreat Expectations Human nature is the psychological and social qualities that characterize humankind. Human nature separates humans from the rest of the animal kingdom. The underlining theme of human nature is evident in Great Expectation by Charles Dickens use of his characters. A main characteristic that Dickens displays is friendship. The friendship between Pip and Herbert is strong. Herbert was significant to Pip’s growth in social class and eventual to his revelation. â€Å"Friendship was oneRead MorePip’s Character Change in Charles Dickens Great Expectations1173 Words   |  5 PagesPip’s Character Change in Charles Dickens Great Expectations Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens is a compelling story rich in friendship, love and fortune. The main character, Pip, is a dynamic character that undergoes many changes through the course of the book and throughout this analysis, the character Pip, will be identified and his gradual change through the story will be quoted and explained. The main character, Pip, is a gentle character. His traits include Read MoreCritical Analysis Of Great Expectations1449 Words   |  6 Pageswork of fiction is, however, dependant on who is reading it at the time. In the case of Great Expectations there are a number of themes running through the text including betterment through education, what it is to be a gentleman, respectability and crime, parental /family ties, and industry and idleness. Many of the original readers of the work were not concerned with analysing these various themes, and how Dickens put the work together. Rather, it was enjoyed as a populist piece of fiction which simplyRead MoreGreat Expectations: Analyzed Through A Marxist Criticism1113 Words   |  5 Pageselement in the analysis of social change in Western societies. Marxism applies to the novel Great Expectations in many ways. Dickens uses Pip’s complex and altering relationships with Estella, Joe, and Magwitch to show the subjugation of the wor king-class from the privileged. Estella is raised in a prosperous household and is judgmental of Pip because he is from the working class. She insults his appearance when she says, But he is a common laboring boy. And look at his boots! (Dickens 45) because

Differences and similarities between financial and management accounting Free Essays

Introduction In this essay I will be talking about the differences and similarities between financial and management accounting and how they are used to communicate a business’s financial information to shareholders and managers. In business there are various areas marketing, economics, accounting and finance among these accounting is one of the most difficult ones as it requires you to analyse and report a business’s financial transactions thought periods of time. Accounting divides into various areas but the areas I will mainly be looking at are financial and management accounting. We will write a custom essay sample on Differences and similarities between financial and management accounting or any similar topic only for you Order Now Financial Accounting Financial accounting is about with the preparation of financial statements for the use of the stockholders, suppliers, banks, employees, government agencies and the owners of the business enterprise. It is intended to aid in the reduction of problems that may arise in the day to day transactions of the business. It publishes an annual report that summarizes an organizations financial data that are taken from their records. It is governed by local and international accounting standards. Its main purpose is to produce financial statements, provide information that can be used in the decision making and planning and to help an organization meet regulatory requirements. It is a legal requirement of all publicly traded organization. Management Accounting Management accounting is concerned in providing basis for decision making and use of information by managers within an organization. It helps identify, measure, accumulate, analyze and interpret information to be used in planning, evaluation and control to ensure the proper use of organizations resources. It also provides financial reports to shareholders, creditors, regulatory agencies and tax agencies. Management accounting involves sales forecasting reports, budget and comparative analysis, feasibility studies and merger or consolidation reports. It is intended to provide information that is more a forecast than a background, to managers within the organization, is confidential and is computed by using information systems rather than general financial accounting standards. It is used in strategic, performance and risk management. Management accounting has the following concepts: . Cost accounting which is a central element is managerial accounting. (GPK) which a German costing method that gives ways on how to calculate costs that are assigned to a product or service. . Lean accounting is used for a lean enterprise. . (RCA) gives managers the information required to support an organizations growth. . Throughput accounting which recognizes modern production processes need for each other. . Transfer pricing which is used in manufacturing and banking. 1. Financial accounting is legally required from an organization, while management accounting is not. 2. Financial accounting must be reviewed by a separate accounting firm, while management accounting is not required of this. 3. Financial accounting is concerned about how the financial resources of the organization will affect its performance, while management accounting is concerned in how the reports will affect the behaviour and performance of its employees. 4. Financial accounting is governed by both local and international accounting standards, while management accounting is not. 5. Financial accounting is historical in nature, that is, the reports are based on an organizations previous performance and dealings, while management accounting is a forecast Bibliography Read more: Difference Between Financial Accounting and Management Accounting | Difference Between | Financial Accounting vs Management Accounting http://www.differencebetween.net/business/accounting-business/difference-between-financial-accounting-and-management-accounting/#ixz How to cite Differences and similarities between financial and management accounting, Essay examples

Kfc China Case Study free essay sample

Expansion should be progressed in order to take advantage of China’s increasingly growing economy. Having an average growth rate of 8% in GDP and a population of 1. 3 billion (Li 2004), the China presents an increasingly large buying force. KFC China can take full advantage of this by introducing more franchises to increase growth and profits. In reference to Porter’s ‘Five Forces’ model, although there will be future competitive pressure from businesses in the industry, KFC’s localised menu appeals to consumers and will differentiate them from international competitors who haven’t redesigned their business model for Chinese business. Thus, KFC has a unique opportunity to offer an American style experience that is different from most other food establishments (Li 2004). By expanding, KFC China can increase the likelihood of long-term success. ‘KFC China will experience diminishing returns if it continues to expand into areas with lower spending power. ’ (Li 2012) Rather than expand through China in lower socioeconomic areas, graph 1 (adapted from Foster Partners Group 2012) suggests that KFC should focus on expansion into both advanced and developing cities where there will exist the highest percentage increase in mainstream consumers by 2020. There will be higher levels of disposable income in these cities particularly, thus facilitating an increase in consumers participating in the market and increasing profits. As expansion increases, more management issues and general problems are likely to arise including fragile franchisee management, vague brand development strategies and the lack of logistics and distribution outlets. (Woke, 2012). However, according to Bell and Shelman (2011), KFC China controls supply chain management issues with its own distribution system. Although expensive, this allows KFC China to continue to expand rapidly with its own warehouses, truck fleet and complex menu. Accordingly, the chance of long-term success has been improved through thorough planning. The expansion strategy has further chance of success if the current trend of increased independence of women within China continues. Female participation in the workforce is already at a high of 67% in China, and with the one-child policy still in place many women are now freed from caring for large families. Thus, one can assume that female workplace participation rates will increase in the future (Atsmon et al. 2012, p. 18-19) Hence, women will increasingly become attractive consumers themselves as they will not possess as much time to prepare home meals and may seek more take away meals from the office or home. If KFC China further consolidates on their already high market share of 40% (Bell and Shelman 2011) and product quality through the expansion strategy, the brand name will be strengthened. This considered, consumers will be more likely to purchase more KFC food, thus increasing growth and profits. The first challenge KFC China may face in relation to its localisation strategy is the risk of a backlash. ‘A highly visible company could easily become the target of a consumer or government backlash against the perceived negatives of fast food. ’ (Bell and Shelman 2011). With the current ongoing worldwide obesity epidemic, the likelihood of this happening is ever-increasing as parental and authority’s concerns rise. Patterson (2011) adds to this, stating that from 2010, obesity in China was at a high of 38% due to the increasing amounts of available fast food. This figure is rising as ‘Chinese are indulging their children because state policy has shrunk family sizes while economic progress has given urban families higher disposable incomes’ (Patterson 2011). If a backlash occurs, KFC China’s reputation will deteriorate, leading to cash flow problems, lower profits and decreased growth. To avoid this, KFC have developed the concept of a ‘†new fast food† that would be â€Å"nutritional and balanced† and promote â€Å"healthy living†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Bell and Shelman 2011). In regards to their localisation strategy, another threat KFC China face is the possibility of competitors gaining more market share. Despite constant introductions of new dishes by KFC, competitors are slowly increasing their reputation amongst consumers according to Cho (2009), who claims competitors have been able to do this by going high-tech, with some introducing robots to prepare authentic Chinese dishes at high speeds. Further, there exists the threat of ‘other international fast foods and local knock-offs offer similar products at lower price points’ namely 30% below KFC China prices (Li 2012). Additionally, Li (2004) claims that fast food in China is a modern lifestyle now as opposed to a fad which it can be depicted as in the past. ‘The desire which is rooted in the years of isolation from the world to peep into the world outside has faded gradually since the opening of China. ’ (Li 2004). Hence, growth and profits have potential to decline in the future, a challenge which needs to be strategized against to ensure long-term success. The third obstacle facing KFC China is increasing operation costs. Ongoing primary and secondary market research into Chinese demographics is crucial to the business’ success, yet poses high costs. However, Simmons and Crawford (2013) observe that KFC have hired local managers who understand the Chinese consumer, the restaurant trade and Western business methods. This poses as a competitive advantage over international and local competitors due to these supervisory managers having a greater skill base compared to equivalent workers in other businesses. Furthermore, rental costs have increased and thus it has been predicted that KFC’s profit margins will decrease by 0. -1% per year for the next 5 years states Li (2012). To counteract these rising expenses, KFC China varies its prices among different locations to ‘generate extra revenue as consumers would not be sensitive to minor price increases. ’ (Flannery, 2011). This strategy will help minimize ongoing costs, thus sustaining profitability and growth. KFC China’s strategy of rapid expansion should be continued in order to meet the desires of the changing nature of the Chinese consumer, whereby there are increasing numbers of female workers and increasing incomes.

Wordsworth Begins His Extended Metaphor In The Third Line Of The Poem,

Wordsworth begins his extended metaphor in the third line of the poem, with his speaker saying, "I saw a crowd, / a host, of golden daffodils" that were "fluttering and dancing in the breeze." (line 6). The speaker is attributing to these daffodils human qualities: their forming a crowd, and their dancing. That the speaker has "wandered lonely as a cloud" (1) introduces the speaker as one content to be apart from other people. The speaker admits that he enjoys his being apart from other men when he speaks of himself as a peaceful cloud that "floats on high o'er vales and hills" (1). The image of a cloud floating is tranquil, and suggests that the speaker is pleased to be drifting alone. The speaker's satisfaction with his state is reinforced by the triumphant phrase "on high o'er vales and hills", which suggests the speaker is closer to heaven than his fellow men. This speaker, lonely among men, revels in his meeting with the "jocund company" (16) of the daffodils he finds. He shows us the daffodils as they were "tossing their heads in a sprightly dance" (12) -- a liveliness the speaker is apparently unable to find in his solitude as a man. Contrasting the daffodils to the power of the waters of a bay, the speaker says that the flowers "Outdid the sparkling waters in glee" (14). In nature, only the daffodils are of such beauty that the narrator can project onto them the happy feelings he longs to have. When the speaker looks back at his encounter with the daffodils, it is when "on my couch I lie / In vacant or in pensive mood" (19-20). Returned to the industrialized world, the speaker is vacant of the joy he found in nature -- especially the joy he saw in the daffodils. So he recalls the daffodil flowers, "And then my heart with pleasure fills, / And dances with the daffodils." (23-24). The speaker is reunited with the pleasure he finds in nature and cannot gain from people.

Physical Fitness Worksheet Essay

Physical Fitness Worksheet Essay Physical Fitness Worksheet Essay Associate Level Material Physical Fitness Worksheet Being physically fit is an important aspect of obtaining optimal health. Becoming knowledgeable about what it means to be physically fit may greatly increase your ability to improve your health and wellness. In this worksheet, you identify the five components of health related fitness. Completing this assignment is a step towards gaining the knowledge needed to better manage your physical fitness. Five Components of Health Related Fitness Table Complete the table below. The first row has been filled in for you as an example. |Components of Physical Fitness |Description |How to Incorporate in Your |Benefit(s) | | | |Life | | |Cardiorespiratory Fitness |Being able to exercise at a |Walk 2 miles at a brisk |Reduced the risk of heart | | |moderate to high intensity for a|pace every day. |disease, hypertension, and high | | |long period of time | |cholesterol. | |Muscular Strength | |This type of training |Muscle mass increases your | | | |typically aims to stimulate|metabolic rate, muscle mass | | |Muscular strength is generally |increased strength on |results in a higher daily level | | |defined as the ability to |various physiological |of energy, Having muscular | | |generate force at a given |levels. |strength and endurance isn't | | |velocity of movement. | |just about looking good, it's | | | | |about feeling well and staying | | | | |healthy as the years go on. | |Muscular Endurance | |Increase your ability to do|Muscle endurance allows you to | | |Muscular endurance is the |activities like opening |longer perform physical | | |ability of a muscle or group of |doors, lifting boxes or |activities, even as simple as | | |muscles to sustain repeated |chopping wood without |walking or climbing stairs, | | |contractions against a |getting tired. |raising your heart rate and | | |resistance for an extended | |helping you burn more calories. | | |period of time. | |The ease of effort of an | | | | |activity often leads to persons | | | | |performing it longer, elevating | | | | |their metabolism furhter | |Flexibility |A person's flexibility refers to|Warm up before you stretch,|It increases the range of motion| | |the ability of your joints to |Stretch those muscles, |of your joints and muscles. |

Slavery in American and the Declaration of Independence Essay

Slavery in American and the Declaration of Independence - Essay Example The promise found in the Declaration of Independence that are men are created equal must today be viewed with the caveat that those who conferred legitimacy it was convinced that blacks held no claim to the same rights as whites and so there was no necessity to qualify the promise of universal equality within the document. The draft of the Declaration of Independence that was handed over by Jefferson, Adams, and Benjamin Franklin go the Continental Congress for approval originally contained a quite long passage directly calling to question the very institution of slavery. "He has waged cruel war against human nature itself, violating its most sacred rights of life and liberty in the persons of a distant people who never offended him, captivating and carrying them into slavery in another hemisphere or to incur miserable death in their transportation thither" (Higginbotham 381). This passage is not to be found on the official Declaration, of course, because representatives to the Conti nental Congress from the southern slaveholding states quickly colluded to express objection to its potential harm to their economic interests once the shackles of British rule had been successfully thrown off. In the final version of the Declaration, references to the institution of slavery are still expressed, but only in a manner that specifically accuses the British of inciting the slaves to revolt against their owners. Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and most of the members of the Continental Congress had historically expressed in no uncertain terms before it came to write a declaration for independence based on the radical concept that all men were created equal their belief that a righteous difference existed between the rights of whites and the rights of blacks. John Adams went so far as to write the God Himself has "never intended the American colonists 'for Negroes and therefore never intended us for slaves" (Breen 202). When the phrase "all men are created equal" is found in the Declaration, therefore, it is actually is truer than it may at first glance appear. The intention of the Declaration of Independence was to spur not blacks to fight for independence and equality, but for whites to fight for the suspension of the class rule that had dominated European civilization for centuries. Jefferson and the other founding fathers did not write or approve the Declaration as a means to give hope to slaves that the American Revolution was going to bring them freedom, or that it would endow freed blacks with anything even approaching equality. Jefferson's incitement of the proposition that all men are created equal was at the time sheer propaganda directed specifically toward white colonists whom the revolutionaries needed to buy the idea that business as usual in Europe for millennia was not the future of the coming new country. Jefferson's use of the words "all men are created equal" can actually be seen more a threat to the grounded ideals of the aristocrac y.

Beauty Plastic Surgery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Beauty Plastic Surgery - Essay Example Cosmetic surgeries are usually done on the face. Cosmetic surgeries are usually done to enhance the patient's features or correct defacement. The most common cosmetic surgeries in adult are reshaping of the nose, face lifts, removal of baggy skin around eyelids, and changing the size of breasts. The other form of beauty plastic surgery is reconstructive surgery. This is the oldest form of plastic surgery which was developed to treat soldiers during wartime. This type of surgery is usually performed on accident and burn victims. It can include skin grafting and rebuilding of brutally fractured bones. The procedures of reconstructive surgery include, implanting prostheses and the reattachment of an amputated toe or finger. Though these three types of plastic surgeries have some common techniques, their emphasis is different. Plastic surgery is usually used to treat acne scars, remove birth marks and warts. Cosmetic surgeries are used to enhance the beauty of a person and make people look younger. Reconstructive surgeries are used to reattach and reconstruct body parts. The top performed cosmetic surgeries performed by choice in the United States are liposuction, breast augmentation, eyelid surgery, face lift, tummy tuck, collagen injections, chemical peel, laser skin resurfacing, rhinoplasty, and forehead lift. It is estimated that approximately 29 million surgical procedures were performed in the United States in the year 2001. However, the accurate figure cannot be determined as many plastic surgeries are performed in private professional offices. Plastic surgery does not only have physical benefits, it also has many psychological benefits. Plastic surgery also affects a person emotionally. It helps a person grow emotionally stronger. It helps better a person's self-esteem and self-worth. It also helps a person become more sociable and outgoing. Cosmetic surgery is an option that provides benefits of a lifetime. Beauty plastic surgery helps people who are struggling with their appearance which often controls their insight of the world. If a person is not happy with their looks it shows in the way they behave socially and personally. Cosmetic surgery can help improve a person's psychological position. People usually suffer emotional trauma when teased by peers in regards with their looks, this emotional trauma leads to lowering of a person's self-worth and self-esteem. In such cases, cosmetic surgery if performed can benefit a person's emotional state immensely. One successful story of a reconstructive surgery is of Marie "Hana" Gebrewold. When Hana was six months old she fell out of bed and broke her hands and her jaw. After her fall she was treated for her hands, however no one noticed her broken jaw. As she grew it started began affecting her appearance, her speech, and her ability to chew. When she was five years old her parents looked for ways to get her treated, but they were asked to wait foe a few years before they opted for any link of treatment. Two years later when Hana was ready for treatment her parents could not afford it. At the age of ten, a group of doctors from the United States and Europe offered to operate Hana. However,

Business Information System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Information System - Essay Example Therefore, emphasising the long-standing role of technology for the marketers, the primary intention of this essay is to critically assess the problems faced by the Chacha Hotel Group (henceforth Chacha) due to the ineffective use of information system. Moreover, the essay also focuses on providing a valid proposal associated with developing Computer-based Information System (CIS), which can enable Chacha to effectively deal with the corresponding issues and ensure the organisation to achieve the expected competitive advantages over its rivals. Brief Analysis of the Case and Assessing Problems Experienced by Chacha Hotel Group Brief Information about the Organisation Established in the year 1962, the Chacha Hotel Group represents a chain of hotels that served across the different growing markets including Cardiff, Berlin and Amsterdam. The competitive strategy of the group has always been focused to ensure utmost satisfaction of the global clients through the compliance of adequate m onitoring process of the workforce’s performance. Since the presence of the organisation in the competitive hotel industry, Chacha tends to market and promote its range of services through flyers and offering advertisements on the local newspapers and magazines. Due to the lack of compliance persisting in the technological advancements, the organisation has been identified to face numerous challenges from its numbers of global competitors principally incorporating advanced information and technological aspects. To sum up, the organisation has been facing significant threats from its global competitors to attract a feasible number of clients. With respect to the observation of the case, it has been critically identified that the business operations, such booking services and different marketing and promotional activities are directly performed by Chacha through its travel agencies and other relevant media channels, strategically to involve information and technological feature s. In relation to its booking service, the organisation tends to perform through the help of travel agencies or through phone. Although the hotels of Chacha incorporate computer system only to perform different administrative works, it has also been witnessed that a lack of interconnection between each computer system across the different business units of the organisation persists, which has been the productive performance of the entire construct. Problems Currently Experienced by Chacha With reference to an in-depth understanding of the case, it has been critically identified that the business functions of Chacha has been facing different challenges due to its inappropriate use of information system and lack of using computer-based information system facilities. Few of the major problems faced by the group can be characterised into various types. Booking and Reservation Problem The fundamental information contained within the computers has been identifi

Managing Information system in Multi National Companies

Managing Information system in Multi National Companies Implementing Managing Information system in Multi National Companies (MNC) Multi National Companies: The multinational company that has its facility in other country other than native place means in different country head office in one country and branches in the other country, the head office will control the all sub branches due to the global management, with this global management the multinational companies have very large and increasing the jobs and economy of the small countries. All major multinational companies are from America, Japanese or western European like wall-mart (in U k its is known as ASDA) Coca-Cola, Honda and famous BMW, the multinational companies will say that they all are increasing the job in different countries and as well as wealth and technology also increasing in the small countries and those companies will helping to country to develop the country. http://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/multinationalcorporation.asp Multinational companies and global business: Today the global products have demands from global customers and multinational companies are realize the cost advantages in traditional input factors like labour, raw materials. Finally the multinational companies are decided to investment in the knowledge and technology on the global basis. Computer business allow the multinational companies to provide service around the world wide, now a days the global market is on boom because Example:- the product which will lunched on America, the same product will receive the Europeans with the global market the product will lunched in the Europe also for this the company growth will increase and the job vacancies also increases so indirectly the MNC will helping to country to develop and the MNC sub branches in different countries like call centres to service the customer and helping them to using the product. As the world economy continues to globalize and integrate, the imperatives for management to act in a globalized manner become more crucial. Companies must therefore rethink and reengineer their entire business processes their organizational structures, staffing, and especially their information systems and technology infrastructures on an international level. Those which fail to do this will never be able to attain or maintain a competitive edge in global market. Information System Services Structures In Multinational Companies: If there are images in this attachment, they will not be displayed.Download the original attachment Research on IS shows that alignment between IS and organisation is kost important issue. The alignment issues of IS and multinational companies (MNCs), particularly in the area of IS services in multinational environment. The factors which control this issues are ORGANISATIONAL CONTEXT SYSTEM OWNER SYSTEM GOAL DATA PEOPLE ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE COMPUTER SYSTEM AND ORGANISATIONAL ENVIRONMENT over the past years re-alignment and removal of national boundaries around the world has been achieved by restructuring of national economic policies by opening many routes for international trading. This solved the problems faced in IS management by introducing this issues across a number of cultural barriers. A Multinational Company (MNC) can be defined as a company that has operations in more than one domestic area, that is at least one foreign subsidiary company should exist. Compared to domestic companies the major difference in managing MNCs relates to distance, time, and variability in multinational operations. The headquarters and their subsidiaries are located in different areas and even in different time zones over the globe which affect the coordination between headquarters and subsidiaries which is further complicated to balance the subsidiaries demands for delegation of authority due to regional difference in foreign markets against headquarters demands. Multi domestic MNCs view world as a composition of number of different domestic markets, they will decentralize all decision making authority to subsidiaries. In this subsidiary can be regarded as a fully autonomous unit (Each subsidiary acts as a single entity without the need of coordination with other groups). This is referred to as decentralized MNC. Global MNCs view world as a single market, they control all the subsidiaries as a single entity and they ignore differences contingent in markets. In this decision making authorities are centralized and this form of MNC is referred as centralized MNC.As decentralization requires strong central direction, to be successful in decentralized approach it requires as much direction as centralization. Here exist an intermediate form of MNC Transnational MNCs which emphasize the tension between force for integrationand national responsiveness. In this decision making authority should be divided among the locations. It should be partly centralised at headquarters to locate corporate issues (strategic) and partlybe decentralized into subsidiaries to take care of local issues. (Operational). Is And Organisation Alignment-Is Resources Distribution: IS and organisational alignment issues is restricted to the structural alignment between IS and organisational characteristics of MNCs and is particularly focused on IS resources distribution domain. The discussion of alignment is based on fitness approach. Organisational Context: Different business strategies affect the location of decision making. Hence different degree of IS centralization / decentralization is demended to meet the needs.It is also the case that the greater level of international involvement of MNC,the greater the degree of heterogenous environment that the MNC will face. Systems Owner A view of the world that is homogenous influence top management to adopt global strategies and to produce standards products. this resultant will effect on the structuring of IS services, centralized IS is more suitable for a company with a homogenous view of world. System Goal Different IS services organization are oriented towards goals and focuses on centralized IS and tend to facilitate effeciency in use of companys resources such as data, people, resources etc.,Centralization of IS supervise information access and achieve large measure of control over supply of informatio, there fore it favours effeciency and control. Data: If Greater the degree of the data shared, the more centralized IS services should be done to reduce duplication.All the unshared data should be decentralized into subsidiary locations to enhance the sence of data. Centralization generates an environment where it is more easier to ensure data standards. People: Centralized IS structure assist in creating an attractive environment for technical staff by providing techinical IS career path. Decentralization encourages the transfer of knowledge from IS staff to users and vice versa. Different level of technology development and education infrastructures of countries means that required IS skills may not be available in all countries.suitable qualified IS staff are available in headquarter office . centralized makes it easier to carry out techinical support and decentralized IS staff can be found in subsidiary countries. Finally the salaries of IS professionals are largely dependent on economic situations of the country from where he is hired. Organizational Structure: Global organizational structure have most information processing capacity in the headquarters, where decisions are made, to pass information in the organization. organization structure have processing capacity located in the subsidiaries, where decisions are made by supporting decentralization of IS services. Computer Systems A centralized IS can assist in maintaining high level of systems security by concentrating in all resources in one site which is easier to implement various procedures . A decentralized IS can assist in maintaining a high level system reliability in different sites. so that each system can act as a backup. Required hardware and software may not be available in all countries ,which is a problem intensified by various factors. IS services should be centralized to make it easier in getting required hardware and software.IS should be decentralized to facilitate technical support and development. Organization Environment: MNCs use monopolistic power to crush competitionand to gain favourable ratingsfor investment.Government therefore , sought to exercise control over multinational corporations operating under their jurisdiction. further setting up IS services in subsidiaries will involve a huge investment from MNCs. Information systems strategies for multinational companies in Arab Gulf countries: With the emergence of an expanding inter -dependent global economy, information systems (IS) strategies need to face the challenges of internationalization. The growth of multinational business has led many corporations to support significantly high level of IS operations and IS applications development in foreign environments. By developing a conceptual framework, this paper addresses multinational companies (MNCs) IS global policy formulation and several implications for IS management issues in Arab Gulf countries (AGC). The objective is to illustrate the uniqueness of the business and IS problems confronting MNCs in AGC. Insights have been gained from examining the implications of the pertinent economic, sociopolitical, legal, and cultural variables that affect MNC IS global policy formulation. The uniqueness of the business and IS problems confronting MNCs in the AGC are illustrated. Helping MNC IS executives/professionals to understand the differences between their own environme nt and the one in which they must operate can improve their IS functions in this region. AGC native companies with IS activities can also benefit from such an analysis in managing their multinational personnel. Information systems for multinational enterprisessome factors at work in their design and implementation: Information systems for multinational companies (MNCs), referred to as international information systems (IIS), have been a problem area for many years, yet have failed to attract more than token attention from the academic information systems research community. This study applies a grounded theory method to establish a first theoretical framework dealing with the structure of IIS and the dynamics of their development and implementation. The substantive theory is based on extensive, long-term work with three MNCs and covers four key areas: (a) the dealings between the actors concerned with an IIS take place in a force field; (b) the force field is reflected in a generic two-dimensional architecture an IIS, which always has a core of systems used by all (or many) of the regions and local systems, different at every regional site; (c) the balance of functionality between the core and the local parts of an IIS follows the degree to which the operations of the MNC require synchronous ac cess to data and processing within the IIS. (d) The interactions of IT and users in the force field follow a cyclical, self-reinforcing dialectic such that an enforced consensus process is required in order to boost acceptance and to limit the probability that continuing rejection leads to catastrophic failure. The Globalization of Information Technology in Multinational Corporations. The most significant business trends during the 1990s has been sharply increased in global business activity. There is no sign that this growth will abate. The explosive growth of the internet and the world wide webtechnologies which are inherently global in character which has been equal or greater significance. these trends create unprecedented challenges and opportunities for multinational companies.The managers of multinational companies provided information to respond effectively, they need to be fully conversant with important issues related to international aspects of document technologies and business record keeping. this brief introduction was written for information specialist i,e computer specialist, record managers, knowledge management specialists,and other international initiatives at multi national corporations. Globalizing the IT Infrastructure: To under stand clearly about international information management for multinational corporation,to know it first we should undestand agendas of information technology departments as they attempt to extend their global reach through out the economies of many countries. The goal of IT departments of multinational companies can be simply stated: To create globally integrated information infrastructures that electronically link their entire supply chains their sales, production, and delivery processes. Executives of multinational companies see many benefits to this global integration of information systems, including shorter cycle and delivery times, closer relationships with business partners, greater flexibility in sourcing products or services, better inventory controls, and of course, improved customer satisfaction, cost reductions, and increased profits. In short, a more competitive business. If there are images in this attachment, they will not be displayed.Download the original attachment MIS: MIS is generally defined as an integrated, user-machine system for providing information to support operations, management and decision-making functions in an organisation.The system utilizes computer hardware and software;manual procedures, models for analysis, planning, control and decision-making and a distance. It is also popularly knows as the information system, the information and decision system, the computer-based information system. According to Institute of Management Accounts, U.K. MIS is a system in which defined data are collected, processed and communicated to assist those responsible for the use of resources. According to G.B. Davis, Management information system is an integrated man/machine system for providing information to support the operations, management and decision-making function in an organisation. The management information system has been described as a pyramid structure (four levels are there in pyramid). Each level of information processing may make use of data provided for lower levels; but new data may also be introduced. Nature of management information system: Report-Orientation: In the early years, the function of Management Information System was to process data from the organisation and present it in the form of reports at regular intervals.Information being the finished product was prepared after processing the raw data. So because of this fact the concept of management information system is further modified, as information rather then voluminous data has become the requirement of the user. Action- oriented: This concept was further modified due to the need that information should be suh that it leads to some action, decision or investigation or research. Exception-oriented: After having action-oriented nature of Management Information System it was realised that there must be some specific or selective approach to the action or the analysis of data. Database orientation: As we know our environment is dynamic in nature so the change in every system is must. So is the case with Management Information System as the business environment becomes competitive. To fulfill this need, a common data base is prepared which can be used by each and every individual accordingly. End-User orientation: After successfully implementing these changes, the concept of end user computing using multiple data bases emerged.This concept brought a basis changes in the nature of Management Information System that is decentralization of system and independency of user over computer professionals or experts. Academic Discipline Orientation: Management Information System is based on the information gathered for analyzing the data. While analyzing the data it relies in many academic disciplines like theories, principles, and concepts from management, organization behaviour, computer science, psychology and human behavior. Scope of MIS: 1) MIS is an integrated system for providing information to support: The operations; Management; Decision-making functions in an organisation. 2) MIS utilizes computer hardware/software, manual procedures, management and decision models, and data base. 3) MIS has a pyramidal structure: Bottom layer provides information for transaction processing. The next level provides information resource to support routine operations. The third level offers information resources to hale tactical planning and decision making for middle management planning control The top level presents information resources in support of strategic planning and policy making by top management groups. Characteristics of MIS: MIS is a comprehensive coordinated set of information sub-systems, which are rationally integrated and transform data into information, in a variety of ways to increase productivity in conformity with the management style of working. Thus, the following are the main characteristics of MIS: MIS is an Integrated System MIS is a sub-system concept MIS provides relevent information to management MIS is flexible MIS enhances productivity MIS is a coordinated system MIS is a feed back system MIS is management oriented MIS is management directed MIS is common database MIS is distributed data processing MIS is a computerised system MIS transforms the data into information Objectives of MIS: When any organisation wishes to establish the MIS, it must be very clear about the need of information required by the different levels of management. Following are the reasons for the adoption of the MIS: To store and manage data effeciently from all the functional areas of the business. To process the collected data and derive information out of them. To provide information quickly as and when required. To collect and store the data for the purpose of internal research. To provide the information regarding production and inventory. To provide information for planning, organizing and controlling purpose. To smooth up the flow of data through various levels of the organisation. To speed up the execution of the results with the reliable data available. Importance of MIS: In present business organisations, MIS plays a very important role. It is a process of collection and storage of the data useful for the organisation. Executives retrieve these data, when required and process for generating information.Previously, the business organisation were not perceived as a system. All the functional areas were independent and there was not a cross discussion amongst the managers of different functional areas.However, in present days,all departments hold equal responsibility. This mechanism helps the organization to achieve its objectives effectively and economically. Thus, the following points can summarize the importance of MIS: It helps in minimizing risk in decision-making. it processes the data and derives information out of them. it provides information about the various aspects of business. It helps the executives to avail the information regarding the functional areas quickly. The data base helps in conducting research. The data stored are used as secondary data. It helps in preparing corporate report. Limitations of MIS: The quality of the operation of management information system depends on the quality of input process. MIS is not a substitute for effective management. MIS may not have requisite flexibility to quickly update itself with the changing needs of times, especially in a fast changing and complex environment. MIS can not provide tailor-made information packages suitable for the purpose of every type of decision made by executives. MIS is less usefull in non-programmed decisions which are not of routine nature. MIS is not successful where secrecy is maintained in adisseminating information to their workers.

Euthanasia Essay example -- essays research papers

Euthanasia, also known as mercy killing is a practice of ending a life to release an individual from an incurable disease or intolerable suffering. Euthanasia has been accepted both legally and morally in various forms in many societies but not in all. â€Å"In ancient Greece and Rome it was permissible in some situations to help others die. For example, the Greek writer Plutarch mentioned that in Sparta infanticide was practiced on children who lacked "health and vigor." Both Socrates and Plato sanctioned forms of euthanasia in certain cases. Voluntary euthanasia for the elderly was an approved custom in several ancient societies.† With the rise of organized religion, euthanasia became morally and ethically abhorrent. Christianity, Judaism, and Islam all hold human life sacred and condemn euthanasia in any form. Following traditional religious principles, Western laws have generally considered the act of helping someone to die a form of homicide subject to legal sa nctions. â€Å"Even a passive withholding of help to prevent death has frequently been severely punished. Euthanasia, however, occurs secretly in all societies, including those in which it is held to be immoral and illegal.† There are two main types of euthanasia, passive and active. Passive euthanasia is the deliberate disconnection of life support equipment, or cessation of any life-sustaining medical procedure, permitting the natural death of the patient. Active euthanasia is deliberate action to end the life of a dying patient to avoid further suffering; there are two types of active euthanasia. Active voluntary euthanasia is when a lethal injection is giving by a doctor into a dying patient to end life by request of the sufferer. Active involuntary is lethal injection by a doctor into a dying patient without that person's express request. Active involuntary is considered murder by most. Since euthanasia is illegal in 49 of the 50 US states it would seem that most people are against it. There are some people who have formed organizations that help to educate people about euthanasia and that In fact euthanasia may be a good thing. One such organization is ERGO the Euthanasia Research & Guidance Organization a nonprofit educational corporation, which was founded in 1993 to improve the quality of background research of physician-as... ...he end stage. Once these symptoms are alleviated the emotional pain becomes the focus and it takes great strength to watch a loved one die slowly day by day. I’ve seen families brought together and serve as a great comfort to each other and to the patients. Death to these people is not the enemy but a natural ending of life. I’ve also seen family’s fall apart, seemingly unable to hold up under such pressure. Are these the people who assist in another’s suicide? Is it a weak persons way out? It is done because of love or inability to cope? Only they know.† The writer of this paper feels that euthanasia should be accepted more then it is, but is not the answer. I think that most suffering can be deemed tolerable with proper medications. It seems that if the pain can be controlled with medication, that the person could pass on in a deep sleep and be comfortable. However there are other symptoms that accompany other illness that can not be changed by medication. Like Christopher Reeves no matter how much medication he is given he will never walk, ride a horse, or bath himself again. This kind of suffering I would find intolerable and would justify euthanasia. Footnotes

Burger Machine

Burger Machine Holdings Corporation, more commonly known as Burger Machine , is one of the notable fastfood companies in the Philippines. It is a sub-company of the Gilmore Food Corporation. Unlike Jollibee and other burger chains, Burger Machine has always been retailing in outdoor stands instead of shops. History It was created in 1981 by Fe Esperanza S. Rodriguez and a sister who both planned to turn two old small buses into mobile stores, an idea they adapted from America. It was their fondness for hamburgers that inspired them to make a business that would serve for the masses. The stores were hen opened near two gas stations in Quezon City. They all began with a capital of P40,000 with nearly two dozen employees working continuously. This non-stop service earned Burger Machine the nickname of â€Å"the burger that never sleeps. † A year later, a third store was opened. The company was nationally recognized. In 1990, the Corporate Office in EDSA started and was called EDS A Business Unit. It was also in this year when the Food and Nutrition Research Institute of the Department of Science and Technology confirmed their burgers as â€Å"source of the most nutrients in terms of peso value compared to other eading hamburger chains. † Through the years, Burger Machine launched dozens of branches including stalls and full-scale fast food restaurants. But during the Asian Financial Crisis of the 90's, the company saw more struggles and was forced to close down several branches and restaurants. Burger Machine is now back to its roots operation which is 24/7 burger stands for the masses. Other information One distinctive character associated with the company is the dwarf which appears on every outlet. For a number of years it had been unnamed. Later in 1988, it was given one, Burger Bart through a name contest. 1] Graphic designer/visual communicator Zeus Paredes coined the name â€Å"BURGER MACHINE† and designed the original logo and graphics o n the mobile stores. The business was widely advertised on television in the mid-1990s. Among those who helped promote it include the Philippines' late master rapper Francis Magalona and iconic band Eraserheads. Permit controversy In 2007, it was revealed that a majority of Burger Machine's stores have been operating without business licenses . Because of this, the Market Development and Administration Department gave them 15 days to go with the demands lest Burger Machine s well as its parent Gilmore would undergo such consequences, specifically having those stores closed. Financial Aspects of Business by Brian Hill, Demand Media Finance is a business function that uses numbers and analytical tools to help managers make better decisions. Every business owner must learn at least basic finance principles to effectively run his company. Finance helps management gain a clear understanding of the company’s current financial position, particularly whether the business is profitabl e or not. Companies of all sizes benefit from thorough financial planning to guide the usiness steadily down the path to future growth. Forecasting And Planning During the planning process, management determines numerical goals for the upcoming 12 months, or in the case of a long-range plan, for three years or more. Company management then maps out the actions that need to be taken, and the timeframe, for the goals to be reached. Finance comes into play when the action steps are converted to forecast numbers for revenues and expenses. Managers with financial planning expertise are able to create forecasts that are attainable yet aggressive. They must also have sufficient nderstanding about company operations to build spreadsheet financial models based on assumptions that are realistic. Accounting And Measuring Results Accounting is the branch of finance responsible for recording financial data and generating financial statements that show the company’s operating results, as w ell as other critical functions such as tax compliance. Accounting has its own set of rules and standards for the recording of financial information and the presentation of results, called Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, or GAAP. Strict compliance with the standards allows ompany management to be assured the statements they receive are complete and accurate. Finance goes one step further and interprets the results. Variance analysis is done to compare actual results to forecast and uncover the reasons for negative or positive deviations. Finance staff members compare the company’s financial results to those of other companies in the industry to see whether the company is performing above or below average, compared with its peers. Monitoring Cash Position All businesses, particularly smaller ones that do not have large cash reserves or borrowing capacity, must always keep an ye on their cash position — the inflows and outflows of cash. The finance department i s charged with forecasting cash flow to prevent potentially disruptive shortages of cash. In a small company this can mean serious problems, such as not being able to pay employees at the end of the week. Investing surplus cash to achieve a maximum return is also part of the finance function. In larger companies these investment activities take place on a daily basis and involve constant monitoring of the financial markets to select the best investments for such things as the company’s employee retirement plan. Analysis for Decision MakingFinance can be likened to a toolbox for company management to use. The tools help answer questions that management must address when making small and large decisions. A small decision might be whether to lease or buy a new copy machine. A large decision for which finance provides guidance could be whether to acquire a competitor in order to grow the company more quickly. The goal of the data gathering and sometimes complex financial modeling utilized in finance is to ensure the company makes the most efficient use of its finite resources, including the capital, human resources and productive capacity.

Rice essays

Rice essays Rice is the main food for about one-third to one-half of the world's population. A mature rice plant is usually two to six feet tall. In the beginning, one shoot appears. It is followed by one, two, or more offshoots developing. There are at least five or six hollow joints for each stalk, and a leaf for each joint. The leaf of the rice plant is long, pointed, flat, and stiff. The highest join of the rice plant is called the panicle. The rice grains develop from the panicles. (Jodon, 300) Rice is classified in the grass family Gramineae. Its genus is Oryza and species O. sativa. It is commonly cultivated for food in Asia. Some varieties of rice include red rice, glutinous rice, and wild rice. (Jodon, 303) The kernel within the grain contains most of the vitamins and minerals (298). The kernel contains thiamine, niacin, and riboflavin (299). Rice has many enemies that destroy a majority of the rice crops. The larvae of moth, stem borers, live in the stems of the rice plants. Some insects suck the plant juices or chew the leaves. Birds, such as bobolink, Java sparrow, or paddybird, would eat the seeds or grains. Disease causing factors such as fungi, roundworms, viruses, and bacteria also destroy the rice plants. Blast disease is caused by fungi which causes the panicles containing the grains to break. (Jodon, 300) There are various types of rice grown all over the world. A majority of rice grown is cultivated rice. When rice is grown with water standing on the fields, it is called lowland, wet, or irrigated rice. Rice plants grown in certain parts of Asia, South America, and Africa are called upland, hill, or dry rice because they are raised on elevated lands that cannot be flooded, but with plentiful rainfall. Wild rice is grown along lake shores of Canada and the Great Lakes. It is usually eaten by people in India. Scented rice is the most expensive because is has long grains and tastes like p...

From the evidence of Thucydide essays

From the evidence of Thucydide essays The Delian league formed after the Hellenic league decided to split up. When the league started it was essentially a voluntary alliance. However, over time, Athens disregarded the original constitution and totally changed her attitude toward her allies The Hellenic league, consisting of all Greece, had fought together against Persia, with Sparta as the leader. However, after victory against the Persians, the league split into two. The Peloponnesian league, with Sparta as leaders, and the Delian league, with Athens as leader or Hegaemon. This is an important point. From the outset Athens was regarded as the Hegaemon of the Delian league, although all states were to be considered equal. Athens was regarded as leader due to her huge fleet, which was unequaled in the Hellenic world. This safeguarded the league from a further Persian attack. The league started with three main aims in mind. To compensate the members of the leagues losses in war by ravaging the territories of Persia. To lib erate other Greek states, especially those in Ionia, and also to preserve their liberty. Many of the smaller states joined because of the protection they would receive from Athens. It was agreed that a counsel, named the Synod, would meet at Delos,(hence Delian - Sacred Island), to discuss the leagues issues. Each state in the league had a vote on any issue raised. Also the island of Delos served as a treasury for the league. This treasury was contributed to by all states in what was known as phoros which in Greek means to have a burden. Each state had the choice of contributing either money or ships to the league. As each state joined the league, they had to swear an oath of loyalty in perpetuity. This meant that they could never leave the league. The states agreed to this because they could not imagine a time when they would not need protection from Persia. This swearing, in perpetuity, involved a ceremony of droppi...

Difficult Phrase Position Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Difficult Phrase Position Paper - Essay Example tians who overreact on the cases of immorality by interpreting the phrase their own way making it say more than what it was originally intended to say. A number of commentators who have written about 1 Timothy 3:2 have concluded that the phrase means that it is not a must for an elder to be married. They contend that the phrase simply tries to say that if a man is married, then he should be faithful to his spouse and exhibit marital fidelity and not be polygamous, a man of many women. The reason why marriage is not a must for one to be a church leader is argued from Paul’s point of view. Paul was neither married nor did he have children so he would not insert a qualification that would exclude him. It is noted that Paul spoke of the advantages of his own single state in 1 Corinthians 7:8,Paul expresses that celibacy is the most optimal state in which an individual is able to serve the Lord. The main idea here is that a man does not qualify as a husband of one wife because he has no wife, to be a man of one wife one has to have a wife. Personally the marriage view should be eliminated as it places an undue emphasis on a candi date’s married status while the text is more concerned with on a person’s character. The marriage issue lacks enough scholarly support its claims. This first understanding as meaning married to the church simply communicates that a man must be completely dedicated to the work of the church in order to qualify as an elder. In this view, the word wife is seen as the church or wife of Christ. In Eph 5:23) the church is alluded to as Christ’s bride. In Lange’s commentary Oosterzee refers to this position though it is often doubted because of his Roman Catholic origin. According to Kent, the view was an obvious endeavour to protect the Romish doctrine of celibacy for the priests. Being married to the church makes it irrelevant to marry a literal wife. Thus 1 Timothy 3:2 cannot be used to make the priests get married. The view was also

Sadhu and sisyphus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sadhu and sisyphus - Essay Example For example, the reader is only told that the Sadhu had only a few clothes on and no shoes (McCoy 148). I know that a Sadhu is a person who has who has given up all his possessions in the world and he devotes himself to a spiritual life. However, for any other American readers who does not know this, might assume that this man is mentally challenged. In this real life story, it seems clear that everybody who came across the pilgrim contributed to reviving him. The Japanese gave him food, Stephen and four Swiss men clothed the man and the narrator, McCoy checked his pulse and made him comfortable after noting he has hypothermia (149). However, here was no one who was completely responsible for the well-being of the pilgrim. As a business student, this story challenges me to ask myself where individual ethical responsibility ends and if organizations practice institutional responsibility. The myth of Sisyphus is another story that has a moral lesson; that all earthly passions have a price attached to them. Sisyphus only got permission from Pluto to go back to earth because he wanted to chastise his wife who had thrown his body to a public square (Camus 154). However, after staying on earth for many years, he forgot that he was only there for one mission and not to stay. He did not want to go back to the underworld after enjoying the earthly pleasures. He scorned the gods and hated death. This angered the gods who punished him by condemning him to an eternity of rolling a rock on top of a mountain. In reality no one can claim to come back from a death experience. The myth of Sisyphus is a lesson to the professionals in the corporate world, showing no one in the corporate world knows how their businesses will perform in future. The myth shows that the moral choices made by people can help those with the power to exercise their free will to

International Finance Assessment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

International Finance Assessment - Case Study Example When a firm operates only in the domestic market, both for procuring inputs as well as selling its output, it needs to deal only in the domestic currency. As companies try to increase their international presence, either by undertaking international trade or by establishing operations in foreign countries, they start dealing with people and firms in various nations. Since different countries have different domestic currencies, the question arises as to which currency the trade should be settled in. The settlement currency may either be the domestic currency of one of the parties to the trade, or may be an internationally accepted currency. In this case, Rolls-Royce has agreed on a dollar as the currency for settlement. The mechanism by which the exchange rate between these currencies i.e. the value of one currency in terms of another currency is determined, along with the level and the variability of the exchange rates, can have profound effect on the sales, cost and profits of a fir m. The change in the value of currencies takes place because of the change in the demand for holding that particular currency. The businesses may be affected in a number of ways because of the changing exchange rate. Some of them are as follows: Exchange rates may be of different types like fixed exchange rate, floating exchange rate and also exchange rates with limited flexibility. Different kinds of exchange rate systems have different methods of correcting the disequilibrium between international payments and receipts. This actually is one of the basic functions of these mechanisms. Fixed Exchange Rate System - As the name suggests, under a fixed or pegged exchange rate system the value of a currency in terms of another is fixed. These rates are determined by governments or the central banks of the respective countries. The fixed exchange rates result from countries pegging their currencies to either some common commodity or to some particular currency. There is generally some provision for correction of these fixed rates in case of a fundamental disequilibrium. The Gold Standard System and the Breton Woods System are some of the examples of Fixed Exchange Rate System. There are also particular variations of the fixed rate system like: Currency Board System - Under this system, a country fixes the rate of its domestic currency in terms of a foreign currency, and its exchange rate in terms of other currencies depends on the exchange rates between the other currencies and the currency to which the domestic currency is pegged. The biggest advantage of a currency board system is that it offers stable exchange rates, which act as an incentive for international trade and investment. The discipline enforced on the government and the financial system also helps in improving the macroeconomic fundamentals in the long run. Target Zone Arrangement - A target zone arrangement is system in which a group of countries sometimes get together, and agree to maintain the exchange rat

College Application Essay Example for Free

College Application Essay At some point in our lives, we all have one significant experience that can affect us. Whether this experience is big or small, it still happened and made its impact on you. I remember when I first pushed myself to do something that pushed me out of my comfort zone and do more during that time period. That something was to be better than my siblings and be more successful than they were. My older brother and sister were good kids, but never did what they said they were going to do after high school. My sister had wanted to be a nursing assistant for the longest time and my brother had wanted to be a lawyer. Although my sister wasn’t the smartest in school she still passed and graduated with her class, but did not go to college. My brother on the other hand had a different path to become a lawyer, which he could have with his grades, but did not. He decided to enlist in the military and hoped to go to school afterwards. Although he had planned it all out, he didn’t follow it. Instead a tragedy struck him while in the military and is now discharged medically and only working a part time job. Of course I don’t believe the military is a bad job at all and I believe that if things happened differently for him his life would be different now. Today he is still undecided when and where he wants to attend college. My older siblings always told me high school would be different and harder than the smaller elementary and middle schools. I knew this but I didn’t mind because I knew that I had wanted to excel in school to do something successful afterwards. I didn’t just want to be more successful than my siblings but it made me realize that if you don’t drive yourself to work hard in school you don’t always achieve what you want to do. By pushing myself harder in school I’ve made an effect on myself that has put me in a great position throughout my years of high school. Through high school I’ve had the privilege of being able to take high honor classes and even college classes that have allowed me to be ahead of the game. But in order to be ahead of the game I have had to study hard, do my homework and pay attention closely to the classes that I have taken. I believe within my four years of high school I have achieved so much more than my siblings all from great teachers and other role models in my life teaching me various things. Even throughout these times it has been some stressful days and weeks I still was calm and handled everything in a well-timed manner. Therefore, I have been able to push myself one step closer to what I want to do and it has  encouraged me greatly so I can see what I may do soon in the future. My risk to go out of my comfort zone and put more pressure on my shoulders has been a great deal for me. I hope that me pushing myself to do harder and better work throughout high school helps me in my later future studies and work.

Is Obamas Strategic Nuclear Arms Control Policy Sound Politics Essay

Is Obamas Strategic Nuclear Arms Control Policy Sound Politics Essay Since the day Hiroshima and Nagasaki were hit by the first and only nuclear bomb to ever be used in the world history, world countries understood the evil implications of such weapons. From that moment, nations have been trying to sustain the stability of those mass destruction weapons through organizations, treaties, systems, etc. that have dated back to 1946. One of the most influential people who work hard with regards to solving such problems is President Barak Obama. Obama has been working on this issue since he took over presidency due to the serious problems between the U.S. and Russia regarding this subject from the times of President Bush. Nevertheless, Obamas real motivation came when North Koreas launched a long-range rocket that could be used as a missile. Therefore he gave a speech in Prague calling for a nuclear-free world. President Obama pledged that the U.S. will reduce its nuclear stocks within the next four years. Moreover, he assured the public that the U.S. will also strengthen the nuclear nonproliferation treaty, and penalize any countries that attempt to violate the rules or laws established in the treaty. This is why, in the year of 2010, a year from his speech, President Obamas administration settled particular standards. Thus the Nuclear Posture Review was released, in which the objectives that President Obama wanted to fulfill were met. President Obama identified the Nuclear Posture Review as a method that will prohibit nuclear proliferation, prevent the use and distribution of nuclear arms, and reduce the possibility of the formation of nuclear terrorism. Nonetheless, the Nuclear Posture Review was considered very controversial worldwide. Even though the U.S, one of the worlds superpowers, issued the review, it was being opposed by many nations that believed it to be a utopian dream that will never be realized. In this essay, I am going to be discussing the negative effects that nuclear proliferation has on society. Also, I am going to examine the efforts President Obama exerted towards seeking a solution for this matter. In addition to that, I will note all the progress President Obama accomplished throughout his campaign, and all the barriers he had to overcome to reach where we are at now. On the other hand, I will mention how the world reacted to such a policy and whether or not they decided to adopt it. Finally, I will be discussing whether or not this arm control policy is sound and sufficient. Introduction: Nuclear proliferation is a term used to describe the spread of nuclear weapons. There are two types of proliferations. The first is vertical proliferation, which refers to the increase in the number of stockpiles of nuclear weapons, improving the technical sophistication or reliability of weapons, or developing new weapons through research programs in states that already possess nuclear weaponry. The second type of proliferation is horizontal proliferation, which refers to nation-states or non-state entities that do not have proliferation system, but are acquiring nuclear weapons or developing the capability and materials for producing nuclear weapons through research programs. After the First atomic bomb was used on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, world countries knew that a divinely dreadful power was unleashed. Therefore, countries started to cooperate together, to place restrain orders on nuclear weapons and on the nations who posses them. As early as 1946, the organization now known as the International Atomic Energy Agency was established to limit the use of nuclear energy to peaceful purposes only. However, the effort to constrain nuclear arms has been a rather slow progress throughout the 1960s; the period of the cold war between the U.S. and Soviet Union. During the cold war people lived with the knowledge that their world could be erased in a single flash of light by a nuclear war. However, we are now in the 21st century, and the cold war has come to an end. Nevertheless, the risk of a nuclear attack has gone up since thousands of the weapons used back then still didnt disappear. Also, more and more nations have acquired those weapons, and have the knowledge to build even more nuclear bombs. Hence, although there is an existing global non-proliferation regime, many nations still violate the rules. Also, the fact that terrorist nowadays want to buy, build, or steal those weapons is affecting the security of the nation and peace of the world, and in return, affecting the world high politics. President Obama understands that these weapons are the ultimate tools of destruction. For no matter were an explosion occurs there is no end to its consequences. Since the U.S. is the only nuclear power to have ever used a nuclear weapon, President Obama believes that his country has a moral obligation to act upon and stop this phenomenon. He wants nations to join together and work towards a world without nuclear proliferation. To do so, he is leading a regime that aims for peace and security in our world! This strategy needs patience, persistence, and commitment to become a reality. Thus, President Obamas commitment is seen; I am standing for the right of people everywhere to live free from fear (YouTube Contributors, 2009). Chapter One: President Obama Calls for Reduction in Nuclear Arms On Sunday April 5th 2009, in Prague, President Obama launched an effort that would aid the world to make nuclear weapons obsolete, calling them the most dangerous legacies of the Cold War (YouTube Contributors, 2009). In his speech, Obama considered this strategy the aim of the 21st century. Thus, he urged nations to get rid of their nuclear weapons and stop researching and developing new types of nuclear weapons and means of warhead delivery. He also encouraged an end to Cold War thinking and promised to reduce the nuclear stocks in U.S. within the next four years. The choice of Prague for such a speech carried strong symbolism, and President Obama didnt ignore it. Decades of communism were toppled in Czechoslovakia through the 1989 Velvet Revolution. Thus, President Obama praised the Czechs for helping bring down a nuclear-armed empire without firing a shot. President Obamas speech was mainly driven by North Koreas launching of a long-range rocket in defiance to the international community, which took place earlier that day. Since the launching process was widely condemned by the U.S. and international officials. During his speech, President Obama targeted his comments at one point directly at North Korea, and declared that North Korea broke the rules by testing a rocket that could be used as a long-range missile. Such a launch emphasizes the urgency of the denuclearization agenda. Hence, President Obama pledged to work with partners for the denuclearization of North Korea at a summit with leaders of the European Union in which President Obama called for a swift and joint statement condemning North Koreas actions. Moreover, President Obama addressed another potential nuclear issue in his speech. He warned Iran and presented it with a clear choice to join in the community of nations and earn its right to peaceful nuclear energy, on the condition that it ceases its nuclear and ballistic missile activity. Otherwise, it may continue to refuse to meet its international obligations and face increased isolation. He also mentioned that the U.S. would proceed with development of a missile defense system in Europe as long as there is an Iranian threat of developing nuclear weapons. Once that threat is removed, he promised that the driving force for missile defense in Europe would be removed. However, this issue remains a very sore point between Russia and the U.S. since they are not in full agreement on what to do about the existing nuclear weapons in North Korea and the potential nuclear weapons in Iran, especially since Russia is being lenient with Irans nuclear program. On the other hand, President Obama coupled his call for a nuclear-free world with an assurance that the U.S. would not individually give up its nuclear weapons. President Obama also outlined several concrete steps toward a nuclear-free world. One of which was ratification of the Comprehensive Test Ban on testing nuclear weapons, which the U.S. would aggressively seek, and called for a global effort to secure nuclear material. He also noted that the U.S. would host a summit within the next year on reducing and eventually eliminating nuclear weapons! However, The U.S. would still need major help form all the nations worldwide to reach such goal. Additionally, President Obama reinforced his speech by mentioning that he signed an agreement to begin negotiating in Moscow, a new Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty to reduce warheads and stockpiles with his Russian counterpart, President Dmitry Medvedev. The treaty, which will take place at the end of the year, aims for cutting their respective nuclear arsenals to 1,500 each. President Obama also discussed the solutions that will include preventing the production of more nuclear weapons, and seeking a new treaty. Such a treaty will terminate the manufacturing of fissile materials used in nuclear arms, thus diminishing the purpose of nuclear arms in the American national security strategy, negotiating a new international treaty, and strengthening the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. President Obama promised that the U.S. would seek strengthening the nuclear nonproliferation treaty by providing more resources and authority for international inspections and mandating. Since, any country that would violate the rules of the treaty would face real and immediate consequences, including automatic referral to the UN Security Council. At the end of his speech, President Obama addressed people who argue that the spread of these weapons cannot be stopped, and that human-kind are destined to live in a world where more nations and people possess the ultimate tools of destruction, stating that Such fatalism is a deadly adversary. For if we believe that the spread of nuclear weapons is inevitable, then we are admitting to ourselves that the use of nuclear weapons is inevitable (YouTube Contributors, 2009). Chapter Two: President Obamas Nuclear Posture Review Former government officials, nuclear weapons experts, and leaders of arms control organizations representing more than one million Americans have sent a letter to the President, urging him to fulfill his April 2009 pledge to put an end to Cold War thinking and reduce the role of nuclear weapons in our national security strategy (YouTube Contributors, 2009). In the letter sent to the White House on February 1sr 2010, the group called on the president to ensure that the new policy advances the highest security priorities, such as preventing terrorists or additional states from obtaining nuclear weapons, reducing global stockpiles, and moving toward a world without nuclear weapons. However, in 2010, a year from his speech, and after much internal wrangling, President Obamas administration has settled on a clever and well-prepared standard, thus releasing the Nuclear Posture Review, which is a legislatively mandated review that determines U.S. nuclear strategy, policy, force posture, and capabilities for the next few years. It is consisted of 72 pages that review the program, and help the public understand some of its finer points and details. The review has policies that meet the objectives President Obama wants to accomplish. Thus it is consistent with President Obamas commitment to listen, learn and lead. Additionally, The Nuclear Posture Review also explains how the United States will sustain a safe, secure and effective nuclear deterrent for the United States and its allies as long as nuclear weapons exist. While the Nuclear Posture Review was meant to inform the debate on NATO nuclear policy, it does not explicitly address the subject. In fact, the Nuclear Posture Review states, any changes in NATOs nuclear posture should only be taken after a thorough review within and decision by the Alliance. The United States is considering basing the future of nuclear arms in Europe, and is committed to making the majority of their decisions through the use of the NATO processes. Nevertheless, the  Nuclear Posture Review states that the U.S. is now set to reinforce its long-standing negative security assurance by implying that the U.S. would not use or threaten to use nuclear arms against nations that lack nuclear weapons, and non-nuclear weapons nations that are part of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and are obedient to their nuclear non-proliferation obligations, which they have remained in compliance with. Thus, this studied declaration is intended to highlight the security benefits of fully adhering and complying with the NPT and encourage non-nuclear weapon states party to the Treaty to cooperate with the U.S. other interested parties to adopt applicable measures to strengthen the non-proliferation regime. However, The U.S. has the right and will only consider attacking or threatening a country if it develops significant chemical, biological, or conventional weapons that pose a threat to the U.S. or its allies. This part of the treaty actually assures other countries that they should always be inferior to the U.S. militarily and returns everyone to square of the arms race among countries. The  Nuclear Posture Review also leads to the removal of an entire class of nuclear weapons distribution systems The Nuclear-Armed Tomahawk from the arsenal. And called for further Russian and American nuclear arms reductions. On the other hand, President Obama identifies the Nuclear Posture Review as a method that prohibits the use of nuclear proliferation, and nuclear arms, and reduces the potential of the acquisition of nuclear weapons or the materials and knowledge by individuals or non-state entities, often termed terrorists, to produce nuclear weapons. Stating that the latter point is the most urgent priority, especially that the technology needed to construct a nuclear weapon has been known, and is being rabidly spread between nations. Thus, terrorists could build their own nuclear weaponry, which would threaten global safety and well-being. All in all, President Obamas new review restricts the role of nuclear weapons in the U.S. security strategy, and shifts both the U.S. and Russia towards a more stable strategic connection at lower levels of nuclear arms. The review is framed to support action for the immediate next steps with regards to a world without nuclear weapons, which were outlined in his Prague speech; the strengthening of the NPT, the entry by force of the CTBT, the accelerated action in order to secure nuclear weapons-usable material, and the conclusion of a new strategic weaponry treaty. Chapter Three: International Responses Domestically, the concept of the Russian and U.S. post-Strategic Arms Reduction Talks to decrease the number of launchers in both countries to 1500 each, were rather refuted by U.S. officials. Particularly because it was a smart move from Russias side, that is unfair to the U.S. Especially because the Russian Launchers will drop significantly within 8-9 years from 680 launchers to 270 launchers, simply as a result of aging and expiring of the system! Therefore, military leaders stated that President Obama should be very careful about moving towards a low launcher numbers strategy because it would provide major advantages for the Russian Federation, but major disadvantages for U.S. strategy. Some experts believe that it is possible to completely eradicate nuclear weapons, and such a program that will drastically cut the worlds negative atomic arsenal carries support from scientists worldwide. Also, a recent examination that conducted by researchers from all around the world was issued as a special of  The Nonproliferation Review on key foreign governments responses to the 2010 Nuclear Posture Review, proved that contrary to the popular belief, President Obamas policy considerably influenced a number of countries nuclear diplomatic doctrines, and produced significant progress toward a safer nuclear world. An example was Russias nuclear doctrine. Which was revised to allow nuclear options only in the case of which they are used in response to attacks that threaten the existence of their state. Moreover, at last years NATO summit in Lisbon, NATO governments settled to address concern by offering to negotiate with the Russian government for reductions or elimination of sub -strategic nuclear weapons in an upcoming arms-control agreement. Perhaps the primary short-term achievement of President Obamas new policy was that it stopped the erosion of the 2005 Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, yet later on suffered an unfortunate hindrance when the international community was unable to reach an agreement that was in favor of the nonproliferation regime. This failure was blamed on the Bush administration by numerous nations. By contrast, at the May 2010 NPT Review Conference, the signatories to the treaty welcomed the reductions announced by some nuclear weapons states, praised new and improved International Atomic Energy Agency safeguard inspection protocols, and underscored the importance of international discussions on multilateral control of sensitive nuclear fuel facilities. One political scientist reported  that this outcome would not have been imaginable if it not for President Obamas open-mindedness regarding the aim towards a nuclear-free world, and the implementation of a nuclear stance that helped US move towards acheiving that objective. On the other Hand, Some overseas governments such as India and China still view the new posture with skepticism, and its statements about nuclear weapons reduction as a mere rhetoric. Accordingly, Chinese officials expressed concerns  that in the future, conventional weaponry enhancements might make the U.S. more likely to threaten China. Moreover, an Indian commentator called  the new U.S. doctrine more posture than review. However, that kind of reaction was only encouraged when U.S. officials strayed from President Obamas declared policy. Also, former President Chilton insisted that future generations would depend on nuclear arms for the survival of the U.S. A phrasing that is deeply inconsistent with President Obamas stated goal. Thus, it is critical that the President Obamas administration maintain high discipline within the military and government bureaucracy concerning this issue. In the run-up to 2010 Senate ratification of New START, President Obamas administration ordered an increases in financial-banking for the nations nuclear laboratories in order for them to preserve the safety and reliability of the U.S. nuclear arsenal without nuclear testing in the future. This program added integrity to President Obamas frequent declarations that the U.S. requires a nuclear deterrent as long as other states have nuclear weapons. I also think that in order to further enhance the credibility of President Obamas pledge to work towards creating a world free of nuclear arms, the administration should also demand further diminutions in U.S. nuclear arms beyond those enforced by the New START agreement. Conclusion In conclusion, we can see that the world is obviously facing a growing threat from nuclear proliferation and nuclear terrorism, and President Obama is one of the few influential people that decided to adopt this security dilemma, and attempted to fix it. However, I personally think that this could not be a one-man-show since such a strategy needs to be supported worldwide, especially by countries that posses those weapons. Therefore, nations must recognize that nonproliferation is a two-way street, and that progress can only be achieved by a truly global coalition. Hence, a noticeable success in preventing further nuclear proliferation would require building bonds and links between countries to maximize cooperation. Also, such an aim would take an extended period of time to be realized. Thus making it a long-term goal that countries should join hands to achieve. Hence, I think that in the meantime nations should seek to reduce the numbers of nuclear weapons, yet not eliminate them completely since this gives the U.S. a sense of security; knowing that if invader attacked, they would have sufficient resources to defend themselves. Indeed, every country is opting for peace in the world. However, some might privately have weapons stored, waiting for the right opportunity to exploit first world countries, and be considered a superpower. Hence, the greed and thrive for power is also considered a major barrier in the way of President Obamas strategy. Countries are selfish, and place their own needs and well-being above anything else, thus preventing them from thinking straight and cooperating with others to achieve what is best for global welfare. Finally, it can be noticed that President Obamas Prague speech aimed high, but the Nuclear Posture Review leaves the U.S. nuclear policy at square one. All in all, I think Obamas strategy is not sufficient enough for eliminating nuclear threats since there is no guarantee that countries will want to follow in the footsteps of the U.S. and In order to fully realize the promise of a world without nuclear weapons, President Obama and his team must do more to change outdated Cold War thinking and reduce the U.Ss reliance on nuclear weapons. Nonetheless, we should praise President Obama for his continuous efforts and time spent trying to solve this dilemma. President Obamas strategy is a major step, paving the road to a world without nuclear weapons.